Prohibition of Torture Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1119 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Prohibition Essay Did you like this example? Prohibition of torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The right to fair trail, their importance, features and to what extent they are incorporated in national legislation of Azerbaijan Republic under respective clauses of ECHR. Throughout the history there were so many people that faced with the torture which is done by another person or by group of people. The most of individuals who faced with that kind of unlawful act are the ones that are captured by enemy during the war time. Now lets find out the meaning of the torture and identify the acts that are considered as the torture. The term â€Å"torture† means any act that causes real damage or suffering to any person that is intentionally done by another person whether mentally or phscically for the aim of obtaining the significant information from him or her, of punishment, of intimidation of him or her. The torture not only causes the damage or suffering on human body physcally or mentally but also decrease the human dignity as the worst treatment form. It is also considered as the crime under International Law. However abovementioned people are considered as the victims of this unlawful act according to all relevant legislations or laws, the tor ture is absolutely prohibited and can not be justified under any circumstances. Fortunately, this prohibitation is considered as obligation for all states in the world because it is binding on every member of international community which menas that whterher the any state ratified the treaties in which torture is absolutely prohibited. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Prohibition of Torture: Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment" essay for you Create order Article 3 of European Convention on Human Rights is about the prohibitation of torture and it is written that â€Å" No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punshment†. Freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is considered as one the fundamental human rights and freedoms. This right protects from: 1. Torture (mental or physical) which is mentioned above. 2. Inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 3. Deportation or extradition means to be sent from on state to another where individual has the real risk of being tortured. It is one of the main responsibilities of any state to not inflict any kind of treatment and public authorities must protect every citizen who is threatened by someone else to be tortured. The state must also investigate the allegations of such unlawful act. The concept of degrading treatment is extremely humiliating act and causes to decrease of human dignity. To be considered as the degrading, it depends on different factors such as the duration of treatment, its mental or physical effects, and sex, age, vulnerability and health of individual who faced with the torture. This concept is based on the values of all human beings which are given them from the birth. The one important question arrives here: Are there any restrictions to this right? The right of people about not to be tortured or treated in an inhuman or degrading way is absolute and it means there are no any restrictions to this right. All the states have to obey this right whether they ratify any relevant treaties or not. In conclusion, the right to not being tortured is very useful and having the binding power is the most significant side of this right and it should keep that power for the future generation. The right to fair trail When people strated to live any state and became one of the citizens, they give their some of rights to the government such as all types of punishments. The states have a right to arrest any person who commited a crime or to make investigations on individual that is considered as suspicious. In those cases we have the right to appeal the court and it have to be fair. All the human beings ahve the right ti fair trial or hearing if: 1. They are charged with criminal offence and have to go to court. 2. A public authority is making a decision that has an impact upon your civil rights or obligations . As we see from those 2 cases, the right to fair trial is provide for more with the criminal proceedings than the civil ones. In the case of criminal accusation which means granting data to an individual if he or she is considered as guilty on the commitment of an unlawful act, all people have a right to appeal the court. Those cases are: 1.When the individual is considered as suspicious. 2. When there is a court order about detention of an individual. 3. When the relevant government organ investigating the customs crime and requires an individual to present an evidence or stopping his or her bank account etc. When people are charged with criminal accusation they have to be provided by minimum rights which are as following. 1. They have to get familiar with the accusation in an understandable language even they are in another country of which mother tongue is different.2. Individuals have a right to get enough time for preparing the court defence.3. People may defense them on their own or through the representative. If it is not affordable to hold a lawyer, then government has to provide it.4. The person who is not able to speak due to healthy problems, he or she can obtain free interpreter to figure out the speeches.5. If suspicious person is arrested after decision of court, he or she has right to examine the case once more in appellate court. By saying the fair and public hearing, we consider the issues that are listed below: 1.It should be held within the reasonable time. 2. It should be heard by independent and impartial decision-maker.3. We should be provided with all relevant inform ation.4. The court process should be open to public.5. It should be followed by public decision. There are some cases that the right to fair trial or public hearing is restricted. For example, the issues about extradition, tax, immigration law and voting rights do not always apply fair and public hearing. Additionally, the right to access to the courts can be limited if we bring the cases without merit and when we miss the time-limit for bringing the case. The concept of equality of parties and equality of arms is implemented in all tribunal proceedings. It means that both sides during the court should be provided with the same opportunity to defense themselves. Both abovementioned rights are also applicable in the legislation of Azerbaijan Republic. Because of having absolute and binding power over the state, in my opinion, the right to free from torture is extremely applicable in our legislation. On the other hand, the right to fair trial has some limitations in certain cases, but for me it also should be absolute and binding power.

Essay On Love And Respect - 1964 Words

Love , honor and respect Yourself First for healthy, happy living Are there some relationships in your life that just take more work to maintain than you re enjoying? Do you find yourself wanting to be compassionate and be able to listen in a caring way but it s just not supporting you and the kind of life you want to have? Psychotherapists advise patients that fostering exlove and respect is the most important factor in maintaining healthy family bonds and for other personal relationships . The twist in this love/respect equation is equation is if the other person isnot reciprocating? How is it possible to get along and create a healthy relationship when one person refuses to, or for some reason can t, put†¦show more content†¦can think of honoring ourselves in many different ways. defines it as â€Å"accepting all parts of ourselves: â€Å"the good and bad, the perfect and imperfect, the disappointments and triumphs.† According to somatic psychotherapist Lisa McCrohan, MSW, given our current culture, it means living our lives around what’s most sacred or important to us — instead of based on â€Å"the time on the clock.† For self-acceptance and self-love coach Miri Klements it means being honest with herself and acknowledging what is true for her. It means treating herself with compassion, understanding, gentleness, acceptance and love. For so many of us all of that is hard to do. It may feel foreign. Unnatural. It’s hard to accept all our parts. It’s hard to prioritize what’s important. Do we even know what important is? It’s hard to treat ourselves with compassion and even more so, with love. Part of this is because we simply haven’t been taught and trained to honor ourselves, Klements said. Maybe we grew up with parents or caregivers who were struggling with their own wounds and traumas, she said. Maybe you heard a lot of: â€Å"Don’t be so selfish. It’s not all about you. What is wrong with you? Get over it already. That’s ridiculous to feel that way. Enough. You don’t really feel that way! Stop crying now. Can’t you see I’m busy?† McCrohan sees many people in her practice who hold destructiveShow MoreRelatedPeace, Love, Unity, Respect Essay664 Words   |  3 Pagesto abide by. P.L.U.R (peace, love, unity, respect) is the new doctrine of the rave community. P.L.U.R is the thing that separates raving from its frequent stereotypes. Ravers come to an event to share great music, and take their minds away from the reality of everyday life. However, how often is it when there isnt a fight at a bar? 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Brady states that in her marriage, she is expected to earn an income while her husband pursues a higher education, she is expected to perform all parental duties exclusively, tend to all housework, her husband’s sexual needs and desires with no regard to her own, and be a hostess while keeping quiet and doing all the aboveRead MoreWhy Chinese Mothers Are Superior1526 Words   |  7 PagesYale law professor Amy Chua presents a harsh comparison of Chinese and Western ideas of child rearing in her essay entitled â€Å"Why Chinese Mothers are Superior.† This essay is an exce rpt from her controversial 2011 book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mom and was published as an op-ed in a 2011 edition of The New York Times. In this essay Chua strives to challenge the readers’ idea of Chinese mothers and the way that they choose to effectively raise their children, and to present the reader withRead MoreAnalysis Of Didion s On Self Respect1612 Words   |  7 PagesIn Didion’s emotional yet dominant essay, â€Å"On Self- Respect,† found in Slouching Towards Bethlehem, she defines the true meaning of value to oneself, while indicating that reactions of weakness and humiliation, based on the approval of bystanders, inhibits true acceptance. Her work was published in 1968 by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux to an American magazine Vogue, in a time when many intellectual Americans believed they were standing at the dawn of the Golden Age. The emergence of The Human PotentialRead More Woman in the Nineteenth Century, by Margaret Fuller Essay1125 Wor ds   |  5 PagesWoman in the Nineteenth Century, by Margaret Fuller In her essay, Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Margaret Fuller discusses the state of marriage in America during the 1800‘s. She is a victim of her own knowledge, and is literally considered ugly because of her wisdom. She feels that if certain stereotypes can be broken down, women can have the respect of men intellectually, physically, and emotionally. She explains why some of the inequalities exist in marriages around her. Fuller feels thatRead MoreEssay On Arranged Marriage1094 Words   |  5 Pagespeople agreed upon by other individuals, typically both sets of parents. This is not to be confused with a forced marriage, where the parents put together an arrangement involving their kids, without them having a say in it. In Anjula Razdan’s â€Å"What’s Love got to do with it?† she discusses the reasons on why our methods of seeking a partner do not work; this includes focusing on our emotions and pleasures, which often result in divorce. Furthermore, she discusses how â€Å"most people lack basic relationshipRead MoreAnalysis Of `` On Self Respect `` By Joan Didion1077 Words   |  5 PagesDear I’ve read a few essays in the past two weeks and learnt a lot. When I put two of those essays together, their different and yet similar ideas have triggered my new concepts about individual and public. And I would love to share that with you. â€Å"We are peculiarly in the thrall to everyone we see, curiously determined to live out -since our self-image is untenable-thief false notions us.†- Joan Didion â€Å"On Self-Respect†.Didion, in his essay, states that to alien from self is to toRead MoreExpository827 Words   |  3 Pagesthe rattlesnake†¦. 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They reward the children for their performances and are continuously encouraging and motivating

Reflective Placement Log Report †International Coffee Organisation (ICO) Free Essays

Introduction This report reflects on my experiences during my two-month placement at the ICO. It will consider my expectations of the company and my role within it; and whether these expectations were met. Firstly, it will address the company itself by identifying such aspects as its mission, its influences, its key actors and whether or not my role co-incited effectively with such aspects. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Placement Log Report – International Coffee Organisation (ICO) or any similar topic only for you Order Now To help organise the report, a series of questions will break up the content to properly address each subject. The ICO This section of the report will consider the organisation itself. ` 1. What is the role of the organisation? On the company website, under the ICO’s â€Å"mission statement†, the organisation has described itself as the â€Å"main intergovernmental organisation for coffee†; claiming that they bring together exporting and importing governments to tackle the challenges of the international coffee sector. Governments who are members of the ICO represent 97% of world coffee production and over 80% of world consumption. Since the organisation is governmental, its mission is therefore highly monitored by international representatives. Its influences are as a result, very broad. Established in 1963 when the first International Coffee Agreement (ICA) was put forward, the organisation has since expanded under many successive agreements, and still advocates the same ethos: to promote coffee’s sustainable expansion and to convert it into a marketable industry that takes every party’s interest at heart. The first ICA applied a quota system to coffee consumption, which meant that supplies that were in excess of consumer requirements were withheld from the market to increase worldwide consumption. This mission had a knock-on effect, and it has consequentially been agreed that the organisation will help to reduce poverty in developing countries that depend mostly on coffee as their primary export market. The ICO seeks to help these countries to receive the profit that they deserve from their exports and to give their population a better standard of living. To carry out this mission, the ICO: Enables governments and the private sector to exchange views on coffee matters, market conditions and orchestrate new policies based on these collective views Develops projects that will benefit the world’s coffee economy Provides economic, technical and scientific information on the world coffee sector to make people more aware of its importance Promotes a Coffee Quality Improvement Programme (CQIP) Promotes market transparency by regularly publishing statistics of the international coffee sector Since coffee is produced in over 60 countries and provides jobs and living standards to over 125 million people, the ICO is of great relative importance and provides training and information programmes to many countries with the interest of education and the sharing of technology at the forefront of the agenda. How is the ICO structured? At the head of the ICO is the International Coffee Council (ICC). It is composed of representatives from each member government in the organisation. The council meets every March and September to discuss their plans, approve or decline strategic documents and consider advice given from advisory bodies and committees. This authority is therefore a very democratic one, and does not obey the laws dictated by a hierarchy. It is instead oligarchic, and appears to observe the interests of every participant involved; even outside sources (advisory bodies, etc.). To highlight this, every decision made by the council is determined by consensus – further evidence that the company is idealistic, and post-positivist[1]. The ICO recognises that governments who take on the researcher role can themselves be influenced by their own specific backgrounds. It therefore seeks to override this by including as many representatives and opinions as possible. Whilst the ICC is at the top of the organisation, there are other departments that are made up of other ICO staff: Consultative Form on Coffee Sector Finance This forum is used to collect topics and opinions related to finance and risk management in the coffee sector; using small to medium-scale producers’ interests as a basis for discussion. Private Sector Consultative Board (PSCB) This board is comprised of 16 leading industry representatives from exporting and importing members. It discusses such matters as increasing the value and volume of international consumption of coffee; communication, sustainable development and supply chain issues. As well as these, there are four committees dedicated to various aspects of the organisation that make recommendations to the council. For instance, the Projects Committee recommends the submission and appraisal of projects, whilst the Promotion and Market Development Committee recommend issues on the promotion of consumption and market matters. There is also the Finance and Administration Committee and the Statistics Committee, which deal with matters detailed respectively. As of November 2011, Mr. Roberio Oliveira Silva has acted as the Executive Director of the ICO, and is responsible for the administration and operation of the ICA. It seems that employees have a set of tasks that are personally required to carry out (usually in groups). In light of this, and because the company is governmentalized, it appears that a career path is not visible, as each board is made up of members from a variety of governments. The company has influences all over the world, and as such requires a dedicated team of researchers on each committee it upholds. Past this, however, it seems that one would require a job in government if they wish to be on the ICC. My Personal Experiences This section of the report will consider my own experiences of the placement. What were my expectations of the work placement? Initially, I expected that I might take on a practical role that dealt with secretarial tasks such as answering phones, replying to Emails and also relaying them to the relevant staff. Moreover, my main expectations surrounded tasks that include translation and interpretation, as they are key skills of mine. I presumed these skills would be called upon by the company and that they would be utilised, being as their mission statement includes the line: â€Å"[tackling] the challenges facing the world coffee sector through international co-operation†[2]. This denotes a vital need for efficient communication. What tasks did you perform on a day-to-day basis? During my two months of placement, the variety of tasks that I undertook did not fluctuate much. The one particular role that I had was administrative, and research-based. It required me to use the ICO’s personal online library (OPAC – Online Public Access Catalogue) and garner exhaustive amounts of information surrounding the issue of sustainable development, and strategies to minimise poverty in developing countries. Focussing on countries that are heavily dependent on coffee as their primary export, the task did directly relate to the company’s overall ethos – by making a â€Å"practical contribution to the development of a sustainable world coffee sector and to reducing poverty in developing countries†[3]. Although I arguably was not making a â€Å"practical† contribution at the time of my placement, I completed the necessary steps to learn about the issue thoroughly and if I was to take on a full-time placement at the ICO, I would be ful ly prepared to pursue more hands-on tasks. As well as this, I attended administrative meetings and conferences during my placement where the primary discussion entailed sustainable development and fair coffee economy. This greatly added to my placement experience as I was able to have direct interaction with important actors in the company and observe them convey the ICO’s mission to a very truthful degree. What were your aims and objectives prior to the placementHow did they change? Prior to the placement, my primary aim was to broaden my research and writing skills, and to relate them to a realistic and professional environment. It became clear to me that collecting information is vital in the efficient running of a business; as without it, problems can’t be determined and strategies can’t be rightly organised. Employers and employees alike need research to be done so that they can exact the company’s mission to a successful degree. So my objective changed slightly to a more specific one – to collect research effectively and arrange it in a coherent manner so that others will learn from it as I did. My 10,000-word report is therefore not only written to demonstrate my own skills, but to convey lessons and information for the benefit of the reader. What do you think you did well during the placement; and also not so well? I believe I excelled at receiving instructions and understanding them rapidly. For instance, any corrections that were needed on my report were carried out with accuracy, as well as haste. I was also able to ask pertinent questions without fear of being undermined by my superiors – something that I believe is imperative when first starting a new job. Although this was the case, I admit that I was slightly nervous during the placement as it was my first time, and may have struggled with providing the highest quality research that I am capable of. The report was of significant length (10,000 words), and something that I have not tackled before, and as a result, professionalism was difficult to consistently portray. It was still a fantastic opportunity for me, and I have since learnt a lot from primary experience and will be far better prepared for next time. If the same task was asked of me again presently, I would take a calmer, more collected approach to its completion as I now harbour the experience necessary to do so. What have you learned? Perhaps the main thing I have learned is how to conduct myself within a professional environment. This involved adopting a â€Å"can do† attitude, with good manners and issue-relevant language that was necessary in the efficient running of the business. I also learnt the importance of meeting deadlines, being punctual and responsive to tasks and questions asked by my peers, as well as the difference between reports and essays. Reports are the presentation and analysis of findings from practical research, whereas essays detail a question, and seek to answer that question through deliberation on that subject – arguments, if you will. My report on sustainable development therefore presented the facts on developing countries; what their main income is, and how the ICO is seeking the benefit them around the globe. To compliment this, I have also seen first-hand the benefit of planning when attempting to meet strict deadlines, and self-organisation as a result of this. I feel that my writing style has vastly improved over the course of the placement, and that I have learnt how to adapt my academic style into a more informative reporting style that is necessary in this area of the working world. Do you think you have achieved your aims and objectives? Certainly, I have achieved my aims and objectives from this placement. My primary aim was to expand my writing skill and knowledge of working for a globally-influenced company, which I have definitely achieved over two months. In conclusion, I can say that I do feel liberated by the opportunity to try out new skills in an unfamiliar environment. Whilst my primary set of skills (translation and interpretation) were under-utilised by the organisation, I feel that they have justified this with their giving of a writing opportunity; and the chance to attend meetings on the subject of sustainable development. As a result, I would consider a career with the ICO and feel like it would be a rewarding one. Bibliography www.ico.org. Last Accessed: 20/11/2013. 2013. Mission. Accessed: http://www.ico.org/mission07_e.asp?section=About_Us. Last Accessed: 20/11/2013. Phillips C. Burbules N.C., (2000). Postpositivism and Educational Research. UK. Rowman Littlefield Publishers. 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